Glossary

A

Anionic:

A negatively charged particle

B

Beating:

Old word used to describe refining of pulp after treatment in a Hollander Beater

C

Canadian Standard Freeness:

Unit measure of freeness

Cationic:

A positively charged particle

Cationic Demand:

The cationic demand of a sample of paper making furnish or process water equals the amount of highly charged cationic polymer required to neutralize its surface.

Cellulose:

An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers

Consistency:

The amount of solid material within a liquid substance

Chill Roll

commonly used as part of a size press, its consists of a rubber roll with cooling water applied through out the roll to prevent deformation of the roll caused by the heat of the cooked starch

D

Deflaker:

A mechanical device that uses rotating teeth to break down fiber bundles into individual fibers

Derivatized

Derivatization is a technique used in chemistry which transforms a chemical compound into a product of similar chemical structure, called a derivative

Dielectric Constant:

a quantity measuring the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field.

E

Enzyme:

Any of numerous compounds that are produced by living organisms and function as biochemical catalysts. Some enzymes are simple proteins, and others consist of a protein linked to one or more nonprotein groups.

Emulsion:

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible.

Equilibrium:

The state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the reactants and products does not change with time.

F

Fillers:

small minerals (calcium carbonate)

Fines:

Small particles that are categorized by their size, they can pass through the wire mesh

First pass retention:

First-pass retention gives a practical indication of the efficiency by which fine materials are retained in a web of paper as it is being formed.

Flocculation

Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process wherein colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake

Formation:

The arrangement of the fibers on the wire how the fibers are arranged in the CD or MD

G

H

Hemi-Cellulose:

any of a class of substances which occur as constituents of the cell walls of plants and are polysaccharides of simpler structure than cellulose.

Hydrogen bonding:

Form of bonding between the Hydroxyl groups of the fibers (oxygen bonding with the hydrogen)

Hydrolyze:

The break down (of a compound) by chemical reaction with water.

Hydroxyl Groups:

functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom

I

J

K

L

M

Mount Hope Roll

Mount hope is a supplies name for a segmented spreader or bow roll used to spread out the paper web prevent creases or folds in the sheet.

N

O

Oxidation:

A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased.

P

PH Value:

is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.

Polysaccharide:

are complex carbohydrates, composed of 10 to up to several thousand monosaccharides arranged in chains. The most common monosaccharides that appear as parts of polysaccharides are glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose.

Q

Quaternary

Denoting an ammonium compound containing a cation of the form NR4+, where R represents organic groups or atoms other than hydrogen.

Quivalents:

milliequivalents of solute per litre of solvent – old unit of measure

R

Retention:

The action of absorbing and continuing to hold a substance eg fillers in the stock matt

S

Pressure Screen:

A mechanical device that sorts stock by size, accepts pass through the screen

Sessile:

Of an organism, e.g. a barnacle) fixed in one place; immobile.

Shoper Riegler:

Unit of measure for Freeness

Solvent:

able to dissolve other substances.

Slipping plane:

zeta potential can be explained by a model in which counter-ions closer to the particle that the plane of shear act as if they are attached to the particle. By contrast, ions outside of the plane of shear act as if they are part of the surrounding solution.

Stern layer:

is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid.

Stochastic:

Having a random probability distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.

Strain Gauge

An electrical gauge that when a force is applied to the gauge emits an electrical current

Surface charge: is the electrical potential difference between the inner and outer surface of the dispersed phase in a colloid

Surface potential:

Electrical charge at the surface of a colloid

T

Thermodynamic instability:

Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment

Titration:

The process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, usually as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration.

U

V

W

Wetness:

Indication of the drain ability of pulp, high wetness indicated a low freeness (CSF)

White water:

Term for process drainage water from the wire pert of a machine used in a loop to dilute the thick stock.

Wire:

Term given to the meshed fabric used to drain the stock coming off of the headbox.

Papermaking Glossary